Geography Optional Syllabus For UPSC
The disciplinary subject of UPSC has 48 subjects, one of which is Geography. Discretionary prospectus for the subject has a large cover with the general study. These are the main optional subjects in the Mains exam. Geography optional syllabus for UPSC- The topics recalled for this topic are identified by physical and human geology, financial topography, and the topography of India.
![Geography Optional Syllabus For UPSC Geography Optional Syllabus For UPSC](https://i0.wp.com/1.bp.blogspot.com/-DKWirLl7n0I/YRn20BjvSBI/AAAAAAAAACE/ocpZAblDXxszb3mb_ERGwDTpM9qfVmZ4ACLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/Geography%2BOptional%2BSyllabus%2BFor%2BUPSC.jpg?w=840&ssl=1)
Geography optional syllabus for UPSC
The geography optional subject syllabus by UPSC is given below.
Download All Subject Syllabus of UPSC Optional
UNIT 1: GEOMORPHOLOGY
Geomorph: Origin and evolution of earth’s crust; Geomorph: The physical condition of earth’s interior; Geomorph: Fundamentals of geomagnetism; Geomorph: Continental drift, Geomorph: Plate tectonics; Geomorph: Geosynclines; Geomorph: Recent views on mountain building; Geomorph: Vulcanicity; Geomorph: Isostasy; Geomorph: Endogenetic and exogenetic forces;
Geomorph: Concepts of geomorphic cycles and Landscape development; Geomorph: Factors controlling landform development; Geomorph: Slope development; Geomorph: Channel morphology; Geomorph: Denudation chronology; Geomorph: Erosion surfaces; Geomorph: Applied Geomorphology: Geohydrology, Economic geology, Environment; Phy. Sett: Structure; Phy. Sett.: Relief; Phy. Sett.: Physiographic regions; Phy. Sett: The drainage system
UNIT 2: CLIMATOLOGY
Climate: Temperature; Climate: Pressure belts of the world; Climate: Heat budget of the earth; Climate: Atmospheric circulation; Climate: Planetary winds; Climate: Local winds; Climate: Atmospheric stability and instability; Climate: Monsoons, Phy. Sett.: Mechanism of Indian monsoons; Climate: Jet streams; Climate: Air masses; Climate: Fronted genesis; Climate: Temperate cyclones,
Climate: Tropical cyclones, Phy. Sett.: Tropical cyclones; Climate: Weather and Climate; Climate: Hydrological cycle; Climate: Types of precipitation; Climate: Distribution of precipitation; Phy. Sett.: Indian rainfall patterns, Phy. Sett.: Western disturbances; Climate: Hoppen’s, Thornthwaite’s, Trewartha’s classification of world climates; Phy. Sett.: Climatic regions; Climate: Applied Climatology, Climate: Urban climate
UNIT 3: OCEANOGRAPHY
BOTTOM TOPOGRAPHY: Ocean: Bottom topography of the Atlantic Ocean; Ocean: Bottom topography of the Indian Ocean; Ocean: Bottom topography of the Pacific Ocean.
Ocean: Temperature of the oceans; Ocean: Salinity of the oceans; Ocean: Heat budget; Ocean: Salt budget; Ocean: Ocean deposits; Ocean: Marine pollution; Ocean: Waves; Ocean: Currents; Ocean: Tides; Ocean: Sea level changes; Ocean: Coral reefs; Ocean: Coral bleaching
UNIT 4: ENVIRONMENTAL
BIOGEOGRAPHY: SOIL: Biome: Genesis of soils; Biogeo: Classification soils, Phy. Sett.: Soil types; Biogeo: Distribution of soils, Phy. Sett.: Soil distributions; Biogeo: Soil profile; Biogeo: Soil erosion, Contemp Iss: Soil erosion; Biogeo: Soil degradation; Biogeo: Soil conservation
BIOGEOGRAPHY: PLANT AND ANIMALS: Biogeo: Factors influencing world distribution of animals; Biogeo: Factors influencing world distribution of plants; Biogeo: Major gene pool centres; Envt. Geo.: Biodiversity
ENVIRONMENT: Envt. Geo.: Principle of ecology; Envt. Geo.: Ecosystem, their management and conservation; Biogeo: Problems of deforestation, Contemp Iss: Deforestation; Biogeo: Factors influencing world distribution of plants; Biogeo: Factors influencing world distribution of animals.
ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS AND DEGRADATION: Envt. Geo.: Environmental hazards and remedial measures; Contemp Iss: Ecological issues: Environmental hazards: landslides; Gynomorph: Earthquakes, Contemp Iss: Ecological issues: Environmental hazards: earthquakes; neomorph: Tsunamis, Contemp Iss: Ecological issues: Environmental hazards: Tsunamis; Physical Setting: Floods,
Contemp Iss: Ecological issues: Environmental hazards: floods; Phy. Sett.: Droughts, Contemp Iss: Ecological issues: Environmental hazards: droughts; Contemp Iss: Desertification; Contemp Iss: Ecological issues: Environmental hazards: epidemics; Envt. Geo.: Environmental degradation, Contemp Iss: Environmental degradation; Contemp Iss: Issues relating to environmental pollution; Climate: Global climatic change, Climate: Role and response of man in climatic changes; Envt. Geo.: Influence of man on ecology and environment; Envt. Geo.: Global and regional ecological changes and imbalances.
ENVIRONMENT AND PLANNING: Envt. Geo.: Environmental management, Contemp Iss: Principles of environmental management; Contemp Iss: Principles of environmental impact assessment; Envt. Geo.: Environmental conservation; Biogeo: Wildlife, Resources: Wildlife resources,
Resources: Conservation of Wildlife resources; Envt. Geo.: Sustainable development, Contemp Iss: Concept of sustainable growth and development; Envt. Geo.: Environmental policy; Envt. Geo.: Environmental education; Contemp Iss: Environmental awareness; Envt. Geo.: Environmental legislation
UNIT 5: PERSPECTIVES IN HUMAN GEOGRAPHY
Perspectives: Paradigms; Perspectives in HG: Areal differentiation; Perspectives in HG: Regional synthesis; Perspectives in HG: Dichotomy; Perspectives in HG: Dualism; Perspectives in HG: Environmentalism; Envt Geo: Human ecological adaptations.
QUANTIFICATION IN GEOGRAPHY: Models; MT&L in HG: Systems analysis in Human geography; Gravity Model; Diffusion of innovation; Positivism; Perspectives in HG: Locational analysis; Perspectives in HG: Quantitative revolution.
CRITICAL REVOLUTION: Perspectives in HG: Radical approach; Perspectives in HG: Behavioral approach; Perspectives in HG: Human approach; Perspectives in HG: Welfare approach
UNIT 6: CULTURAL GEOGRAPHY
Cultural Sett: Historical Perspective of Indian Society; Cultural Sett: Racial diversities; Cultural Sett: Ethnic diversities; Perspectives in HG: Languages; Cultural Sett: Linguistic diversities; Perspectives in HG: Secularization; Perspectives in HG: Religions; Cultural Sett: Religious minorities;
Cultural Sett: Major tribes, tribal areas, and their problems; Regional D&P: Tribal area development; Perspectives in HG: Cultural regions of the world; Cultural Sett: Cultural regions; Population and SG: Social well-being; Population and SG: Quality of life; Population and SG: Population as social capital; Cultural Sett: Health indicators; Perspectives in HG: Human development index.
UNIT 7: POPULATION GEOGRAPHY
Population and SG: Population theories; MT&L in HG: Malthusian theory, Marxian theory, Demographic transition model; Population and SG: Concepts of the over-under-and optimum population; Population and SG: Growth of world population; Cultural Sett: Growth of population; Population and SG: Distribution of world population; Cultural Sett: Distribution of population; Cultural Sett: Density of population.
DEMOGRAPHIC ATTRIBUTES: Population and SG: Demographic attributes; Cultural Sett: Demographic attributes: sex-ratio; Cultural Sett: Demographic attributes: age structure; Cultural Sett: Demographic attributes: literacy rate; Cultural Sett: Demographic attributes: workforce, dependency ratio; Cultural Sett: Demographic attributes: longevity.
MIGRATION: Cultural Sett: Migration (inter-regional, intra- regional and international); Population and SG: Causes of migration; Population and SG: Consequences of migration; Cultural Sett: Associated problems of migration.
POPULATION PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS: Economic Geo: Food and nutrition problems; Economic Geo: Food security, Contemp Iss: Population explosion and Food security; Economic Geo: Famine: causes, effects, and remedies; Population and SG: World population problems, Cultural Sett: Population problems; Population and SG: World population policies, Cultural Sett: Population policies.
UNIT 8: SETTLEMENT GEOGRAPHY
RURAL SETTLEMENT: Population and SG: Types of rural settlements, Settlements: Type of rural settlements; Population and SG: Patterns of rural settlements, Settlements: Patterns of rural settlements; Settlements: Morphology of rural settlements; Population and SG: Environmental issues in rural settlements.
URBAN SETTLEMENT: Settlements: Urban developments; MT&L in HG: Central Place Theory of Chrystelle, MT&L in HG: Central Place Theory of Losch; Population and SG: Urban morphology, Settlements: Morphology of Indian cities; Population and SG: Urban morphology: Concepts of primate city;
Population and SG: Urban morphology: Rank-size rule; Population and SG: Rural-urban fringe; Population and SG: Satellite towns; Settlements: Conurbations; Settlements: Urban sprawl; Population and SG: Hierarchy of urban settlements; Pupil. & SG: Functional classification of towns, Settlements: Functional classification of Indian cities.
TOWN PLANNING: Settlements: Town planning, Population & SG: Sustainable development of cities; Population and SG: Problems and remedies of urbanization, Settlements: Problems of urbanization and remedies; Settlements: Slums and associated problems
UNIT 9: REGIONAL PLANNING
Regional Planning: Concept of a region; Regional Planning: Types of regions; Regional Planning: Methods of regionalization, Population, and SG: Sphere of urban influence, Settlements: Metropolitan regions; Regional Planning: Growth centers and growth poles, MT&L in HG: Perroux and Boudeville;
MT&L in HG: Rostov’s model of stages of growth; Regional Planning: Regional imbalances, Contemp Iss: Regional disparities in economic development; Regional Planning: Regional development strategies; Regional Pl: Planning for sustainable development;
Regional Pl: Environmental issues in regional planning; Regional D&P: Experience of regional planning in India; Regional D&P: Five Year Plans; Regional D&P: Panchayati Raj and decentralized planning; Regional D&P: Multi-level planning; Regional D&P: Integrated rural development programs; Regional D&P: Planning for backward areas; Regional D&P: Planning for desert areas; Regional D&P: Planning for drought-prone areas;
Regional D&P: Planning for hill areas; Regional D&P: Regional planning and development of island territories; Regional D&P: Command area development; Physical Setting: Watersheds, Regional D&P: Watershed management
UNIT 10: ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY INTRO AND TRANSPORT GEOGRAPHY
Eco. Geo.: World economic development: measurement; Eco. Geo.: World economic development: problems; Eco. Geo.: The limits to growth
UNIT 10.1. TRANSPORT GEOGRAPHY
TRANSPORT: Transport, C&T: Road, railway, waterway, airway and pipeline networks and their complementary roles in regional development; Transport, C&T: Growing importance of ports on national and foreign trade; Transport, C&T: Developments in communication and information technology and their impacts on the economy and society.
WORLD TRADE: Eco. Geo.: Patterns of world trade; Transport, C&T: Trade balance; Transport, C&T: Trade Policy; Contemp Iss: Globalization and Indian economy.
UNIT 11: RESOURCE GEOGRAPHY
Eco. Geo.: World resources and their distribution
ENERGY RESOURCES: Resources: Energy resources.
MINERAL RESOURCES: Resources: Mineral resources
WATER RESOURCES: Resources: Surface and groundwater resources
LAND RESOURCES: Resources: Land resources; Contempt Iss: Changes in patterns of land use
BIOTIC RESOURCES: Resources: Biotic resources; Phy. Sett.: Natural vegetation; Resources: Forest resources; Biogeo: Problems of deforestation, Contempt Iss: Deforestation; Biogeo: (Forest) conservation measures, Resources: Conservation of Forest resources
MARINE RESOURCES: Resources: Marine resources; Ocean: Marine resources: biotic, mineral and energy resources.
RESOURCE MANAGEMENT: Eco. Geo.: Energy crisis, Resources: Energy crisis.
UNIT 12: INDUSTRIAL GEOGRAPHY || Geography optional syllabus for UPSC
Eco. Geo.: World industries: locational patterns; MT&L in HG: Weber’s model of industrial location; Industry: Loc. Fac. of cotton industries; Industry: Loc. Fac. of jute industries; Industry: Loc. Fac. of textile industries; Industry: Loc. Fac. of iron and steel industries; Industry: Loc. Fac. of aluminum industries; Industry: Loc. Fac. of fertilizer industries; Industry: Loc. Fac. of paper industries; Industry: Loc. Fac. of chemical industries;
Industry: Loc. Fac. of pharmaceutical industries; Industry: Loc. Fac. of Automobile industries; Industry: Loc. Fac. of cottage industries; Industry: Loc. Fac. of agro-based industries; Industry: Evolution of industries; Industry: Industrial complexes; Industry: Industrial regionalization; Industry: New industrial policies; Industry: Multinationals, Industry: Liberalization; Eco. Geo.: World industries: problems; Industry: Tourism including eco-tourism; Industry: Industrial houses; Industry: Public sector undertakings; Industry: Special Economic Zones; Transport, C&T: Export processing zones; Contempt Iss: Problems of industrial unrest.
UNIT 13: AGRICULTURE GEOGRAPHY || Geography optional syllabus for UPSC
AGRICULTURAL REGIONS: Agriculture: Agricultural regionalization; Eco. Geo.: World agriculture: a typology of agricultural regions; Agriculture: Significance of dry farming; Agriculture: Agro-climatic zones; Agriculture: Agroecological regions.
DETERMINANTS OF AGRICULTURE: MT&L in HG: Von Thunen’s model of agricultural location; Eco. Geo.: Agricultural inputs; Agriculture: Infrastructure: irrigation, seeds, fertilizers, power; Agriculture: Institutional factors: landholdings, land tenure, and land reforms.
CONCEPTS IN AGRICULTURE: Agriculture: Cropping pattern; Eco. Geo.: Agricultural productivity, Agriculture: Agricultural productivity; Agriculture: Agricultural intensity; Agriculture: Crop combination; Agriculture: Land capability.
ALLIED AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES: Agriculture: Livestock resources; Agriculture: White revolution; Agriculture: Aqua culture; Agriculture: Sericulture; Agriculture: Apiculture; Agriculture: Poultry.
SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE: Agriculture: Green revolution and its socio-economic and ecological implications; Biogeo: Social forestry, Agriculture: Social forestry, Biogeo: Agroforestry, Agriculture: Agroforestry; Contempt Iss: Problems of agrarian unrest.
UNIT 14: POLITICAL GEOGRAPHY || Geography optional syllabus for UPSC
MT&L in HG: Heartland theory, MT&L in HG: Rimland theory; MT&L in HG: Laws of international boundaries and frontiers; Ocean: Law of the sea; Pol. Asp.: International boundary of India and related issues; Pay. Sett.: Space relationship of India with neighboring countries; Pol. Asp.: India’s role in world affairs;
Pol. Asp.: Geopolitics of South Asia, Transport, C&T: Indian space program; Pol. Asp.: Geopolitics of Indian Ocean realm; Pol. Asp.: Cross border terrorism; Pol. Asp.: Geographical basis of Indian federalism; Pol. Asp.: State reorganization; Pol. Asp.: Emergence of new states; Pol. Asp.: Regional consciousness; Pol. Asp.: Inter-state issues, Contempt Iss: Linkage of rivers
UNIT 15: MAPS || Geography optional syllabus for UPSC
Related Post