A brief history of modern India
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Modern India’s history is a vast and complex narrative, marked by a series of significant events that have shaped its current socio-political and economic landscape. Below is a summary of key phases in the history of modern India:
Book Details
| Book Name | A brief history of modern India by Rajiv Ahir |
| Author | Rajiv Ahir (IPS) |
| Size | 4 MB |
| Pages | 878 |
| Format | |
| Download Now | Download Now |
1. British Colonial Rule (1858-1947)
British East India Company:
- The British East India Company initially controlled large parts of India, with the Battle of Plassey in 1757 marking the beginning of British dominance.
- Following the Indian Rebellion of 1857, the British Crown took direct control, leading to the establishment of the British Raj in 1858.
Economic Impact:
- The colonial rule introduced railways, telegraphs, and a unified postal system.
- However, it also led to the exploitation of Indian resources and the suppression of local industries.
2. Indian Independence Movement (1857-1947)
Early Resistance:
- The 1857 revolt marked the first significant attempt to overthrow British rule.
- Prominent leaders like Rani Lakshmibai and Mangal Pandey emerged during this period.
Formation of Indian National Congress (1885):
- Founded by Allan Octavian Hume, the Indian National Congress (INC) became the principal leader of the Indian independence movement.
- Early leaders included Dadabhai Naoroji, Bal Gangadhar Tilak, and Gopal Krishna Gokhale.
Non-Cooperation and Civil Disobedience Movements:
- Under the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi, the non-cooperation movement (1920) and civil disobedience movement (1930) mobilized masses against British rule through non-violent means.
- The Salt March of 1930 and Quit India Movement of 1942 were significant events during this period.
3. Independence and Partition (1947)
Independence Act of 1947:
- India gained independence from British rule on August 15, 1947.
- The country was partitioned into two dominions, India and Pakistan, leading to massive migration and communal violence.
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Constitution of India:
- Dr. B.R. Ambedkar chaired the drafting committee of the Indian Constitution, which was adopted on January 26, 1950, making India a sovereign, socialist, secular, and democratic republic.
4. Post-Independence Era (1947-Present)
Jawaharlal Nehru’s Leadership (1947-1964):
- As the first Prime Minister, Nehru focused on industrialization, social reform, and maintaining a non-aligned foreign policy.
- Major initiatives included the establishment of the Planning Commission and initiating Five-Year Plans.
Indira Gandhi and Emergency (1966-1977, 1980-1984):
- Indira Gandhi’s tenure was marked by significant events such as the Green Revolution, the nationalization of banks, and the declaration of Emergency in 1975.
- The Emergency period (1975-1977) saw the suspension of civil liberties and political repression.
Economic Liberalization (1991):
- Facing a severe economic crisis, Prime Minister P.V. Narasimha Rao and Finance Minister Dr. Manmohan Singh introduced economic reforms in 1991.
- The liberalization, privatization, and globalization (LPG) model transformed India’s economy, fostering growth and integrating it with the global market.
Recent Developments:
- India has seen significant growth in IT and service sectors, making it one of the fastest-growing economies.
- Social challenges, including poverty, corruption, and communal tensions, remain ongoing issues.
- Political shifts, such as the rise of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) and the leadership of Prime Minister Narendra Modi, have brought significant changes in domestic and foreign policies.
Book Content
- SOURCES AND APPROACHES
- ADVENT OF EUROPEANS AND CONSOLIDATION OF BRITISH POWER IN INDIA
- RISING RESENTMENT AGAINST COMPANY RULE
- REFORM MOVEMENTS
- THE STRUGGLE BEGINS
- NATIONAL MOVEMENT (1905-1918)
- ERA OF MASS NATIONALISM BEGINS (1919-1939)
- TOWARDS FREEDOM AND PARTITION 1939-1947
- INDIA UNDER BRITISH RULE: GOVERNANCE AND OTHER ASPECTS
- INDEPENDENCE AND AFTER
- APPENDIX
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